Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Knowledge sharing is typical public goods social dilemma, employees in organizations have to face to the cooperative game of knowledge sharing. However, there is still a dearth of research analyzing the characteristics, solutions, and the underlying mechanisms of social dilemma of knowledge sharing. To address the problem, relying on social dilemma theory, we intend to illustrate connotations and manifestations of the social dilemma inherent in knowledge sharing. Meanwhile, combining with research on social dilemma and knowledge sharing, we propose and classify three tactics to social dilemma of knowledge sharing, including strategic tactics, structural tactics and motivational tactics. We further integrate extant practices for facilitating knowledge sharing and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which they can help solve social dilemma of knowledge sharing. Finally, based on the theoretical analysis and literature review, we provide both theoretical and methodological implications for future research on social dilemma of knowledge sharing.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： For many consumers, product face is an important factor that determines their evaluation and purchase decision. Up till now, many researchers believe that negative product facial expressions (e.g anger) are negatively related to customer attitude and behavior. But in reality, negative faces are also related to coolness and competence. Up till now, researches regarding the paradoxical effect of anthropomorphized product expression remain scarce, and the existing work on social communication cannot be used to explain personified products without adaptation and testing. Based on this research gap, 3 questions remain unsolved: how does product facial expression influence consumer behavior; what is the psychological mechanism behind such effect; will product type and consumer characteristics influence consumer perception of product facial expression? The answers to these questions can be used to expand the theory of personification in marketing, and to guide product managers in choosing the most appropriate design for their products.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The advertisement of an enterprise not only promotes its own market demands, but also influences the market demand of its competitors’ products, which is called the Spillover Effect of Advertisement. Previous studies have found that strong brands’ advertising competition cause spillover effects on weak brands). This research extends current studies by examining the underlying mechanism using two experiments. Study 1 explores several mediating and moderating variables. The mediating variables include involvement of a strong brand, perceived product quality, and changes of market share. The moderating variables include product life cycle and product homogeneity, attitude towards advertising, and consumer task orientation. Study 2 examines the overall distribution rule of the spillover effect of strong brands’ advertising competition on weak brands. We focus on the periods of product growth and maturity. In conclude, we unravel the mechanism and overall distribution rule of strong brands’ advertising competition, which will enrich the theory of spillover effect and advertising effect.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The extant literature suggests that employees' perception of being trusted by their supervisors is important in the workplace, as such perception can lead to many positive work-related outcomes. Although we have understood how and why feeling trusted has consequences, little is known about its development. Overlooking how feeling trusted develops may limit its effective application to managerial practices, because it is only when felt trust is successfully triggered that it could lead to the establishment of trust relationship and ultimately affect employee behavior. As a perception derived from the processing of trust-related information, employees’ feeling trusted by their supervisors may not necessarily fit the supervisors' actual trust. Therefore, to better manage employees by making them feel trusted, supervisors as the trustors, should not only take the initiative to engage in trusting behaviors, but also consider how to make employees perceive their trust accurately. Drawing on the symbolic interactionist view and social information processing theory, we develop a conceptual model about the development of employees’ feeling trusted by their supervisors. According to the model, delegation and coaching are identified as two of the critical factors that influence employees’ feeling trusted by their supervisors. The effects of delegation and coaching on feeling trusted depend on the employee’s goal orientation, on the supervisor’s trustworthiness, and on the level of team anxiety. While employees’ perception of being trusted influences their loyalty and dedication, the amount of influence exerted is conditional on the management risks faced by their supervisors. By delineating how and when supervisory trusting behavior can make employees feel trusted and accordingly influence their work behaviors, the current research makes three important contributions both theoretically and practically. First, feeling trusted is not determined by the trustor or the trustee alone, but develops through interactions between the two parties. Although previous studies have examined the influence of leadership on feeling trusted by supervisors, they have not explained it from the perspective of trust interaction. We identify delegation and coaching as two types of supervisory trusting behaviors, through which supervisors can convey symbolic trust cues. By doing so, our study, theoretically, extends the understanding about the antecedents of feeling trusted by supervisors and, practically, offers new insights into what supervisors can do to make employees feel trusted. Second, although the development of feeling trusted by supervisors relies on social information processing, few studies have explored its internal mechanism. Based on social information processing theory, our research initiates a new dialogue on the mechanisms and boundary conditions regarding the development of feeling trusted by supervisors. We do not only focus on potentially positive and negative paths regarding trust information processing but also explore how information relevance (employee goal orientations) and credibility (supervisor trustworthiness) moderate those paths. The study of employee goal orientations is conducive to identifying the target employees for whom supervisory trusting behaviors are more likely to be effective, while the study of supervisor trustworthiness further clarifies the positive or negative influence that supervisors may have in trust information delivery and processing. Practically, this study provides important guidance for supervisors to manage the target employees by facilitating their feeling trusted in an effective manner. Third, by exploring the moderating effects of two negative team-level factors (team anxiety and management risk), our study enriches the understanding about the contexts of trust interactions between supervisors and subordinates. Practically, we provide implications for how supervisors can adopt trust management strategies in an environment full of high uncertainty and challenges.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Successful new product development is an important factor for enterprise to gain competitive advantages, but the diffusion of most new products often ends in failure because the innovative products are not always accepted by the market. Therefore, the industry and academia have conducted a lot of explorations on the issue of new product adoption. New product adoption refers to the process of innovative products from being designed and manufactured to being recognized and adopted by consumers or potential consumers. This paper explores the essential causes of consumers’ new products adoption and the influencing factors of these causes from the perspective of consumers. Through literature review, we find that although many influencing factors such as consumer characteristics and product characteristics have been discussed in the past research on consumers’ adoption of new products, the root reasons have not been discovered. There is also a lack of an overall review of research on consumers’ new product adoption from the perspective of consumers. Therefore, this paper uses the Rogers’ innovation diffusion model as the theoretical basis and extracts the three fundamental reasons for consumers’ new product adoption: innovativeness, product understanding, and susceptibility according to the differences in adoption time and characteristics of adopters. We use this as an analysis framework to further explore the key factors affecting these three fundamental reasons. The innovations of this paper are as follows: Previous research mainly analyzed consumers' new product adoption behavior from different aspects such as consumer characteristics, product characteristics, or social influence. Although the research was comprehensive, it failed to explore the fundamental reasons for consumers’ adoption of new products. Our research proposes to systematically explore the root causes of new product adoption from the consumer’s perspective. We extract three essential reasons namely innovativeness, product understanding, and susceptibility for the first time, and construct the research framework based on this. Previous literature mainly divided consumers into early adopters and late adopters based on the adoption time of new products and the characteristics of adopters without analyzing the mechanism. Our research uses the Roger’s innovation diffusion model as the theoretical basis to make a preliminary distinction between adopters. We expound the essential reasons why consumers become early adopters and late adopters of new products from three aspects: innovativeness, product understanding, and susceptibility. We also sort out and summarize the influencing factors of consumers’ new products adoption in detail under the framework based on the three aspects of consumer innovativeness, product understanding, and susceptibility. Previous studies rarely considered these three essential reasons, but mainly discussed in isolation from the aspects of consumer characteristics and product characteristics. Through analysis, it is concluded that early adopters have high innovativeness, high product understanding, and low susceptibility; while late adopters have low innovativeness, low product understanding, and high susceptibility. We also further explore the specific factors influencing consumers’ new products adoption in various dimensions. Future research can be expanded from these three dimensions, combining the deficiencies of existing research, the current environment, and consumption characteristics.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Enterprises are experiencing a “dilemma” in employee management and organizational innovation- it is difficult for enterprises to provide stable jobs, though they have to rely on employees to realize organizational innovation. Thus, it is very essential to study the impact of employees' job insecurity on innovative behavior. When employees encounter job insecurity caused by different environmental threats, they show different level of innovative behavior. Previous studies mainly focus on subjective perception in defining the concept of job insecurity, and only pay attention to mechanism of the holistic construction on innovative behavior from the perspective of intrinsic motivation. This study defines and deepens the concept of job insecurity underpinned by the focus of threats, and explores its differential impact on innovative behavior based on the “variable-centered” approach and the “person-centered” approach. Firstly, this study regards job insecurity as subjective perceptions related to environmental threats and divides it into two dimensions, job-focus insecurity and person-focus insecurity. A measurement scale is also developed. Secondly, with the adoption of longitudinal method and the analysis of the subordinate-supervisor dyad data, it is expected to reveal the chain mediating role of situational regulatory focus and work passion in the impact of job insecurity on innovative behavior. Job-focus insecurity has a negative impact on innovative behavior while person-focus insecurity has an inverted U-shaped impact on innovative behavior. Finally, the “person-centered” approach will be adopted to explore the potential types of job insecurity and its impact on innovative behavior by using latent profile analysis. The main contributions of this study at theoretical level are as follow: 1) considering the sources of environmental threats, the definition of the concept of job insecurity, the deconstruction of the dimensions based on threat focus and the development of the measurement scale will promote the conceptual research and measurement development of job insecurity. 2) based on the regulatory focus theory and the dual model of passion, this study adopt the "variable-centered" approach to comprehensively reveal the differential impact of various dimensions of job insecurity on innovative behavior from the process of motivation and emotional response, which will enrich and improve the research of mechanisms. 3) in response to the call of debus et al. (2020), this study adopts the "person-centered" approach and pays attention to the variability between individuals to investigate whether it is possible to identify different job insecurity profiles and whether innovative behavior differs between job insecurity profiles. Thus, how different dimensions are combined within profiles of employees can be uncovered, which can make up for the shortcomings of the previous “variable-centered” approach, and provide a new direction to the in-depth study of job insecurity. In addition, at practical level, the results of this study can equip managers to have a more comprehensive understanding of the threatening nature of job insecurity, and help them have a better view of the differential impact of job-focus insecurity and person-focus insecurity on innovative behavior. What is more, this study can also provide guidance and suggestions for enterprises on effective employee management and innovative behavior promotion in an unstable environment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： In the era of mobile Internet, the in-feed native advertising, which is more acceptable in the mobile news context, has become one of the primary forms of online advertisements. However, with the rapid development of in-feed native advertising, the ad avoidance problem has become prominent and brings unignorable harm to the platforms, advertisers, and users. Recent studies on in-feed native ad avoidance mainly focus on users' static, stable, and historical characteristics but neglect the dynamic, native, and reactive nature of in-feed platforms. The lack of a dynamic view on in-feed native advertising will inevitably lead to a wider gap between academic research and marketing practice. By applying the dynamic information processing perspective, this research breaks the limitation of traditional studies on in-feed native advertising that mainly focus on users’ static characteristics and explores the mechanisms of users’ ad-skipping and ad-blocking behaviors under varied information processing modes (convergent vs. divergent). The subsequent re-targeting strategies by the platform and their effectiveness are also discussed. This research consists of the following three sub-studies. In study 1, the authors propose a theoretical framework from a dynamic perspective and discuss the antecedents of in-feed native advertising avoidance based on users’ dynamic information processing states. First, following previous research on online advertising, the authors identify two typical ad avoidance types of ad-blocking and ad-skipping and delineate their differences and associations. Second, they explore the mechanisms through which the users avoid the in-feed native ads under different information processing states (i.e., convergent vs. divergent). Finally, they construct a multi-state hazard model to demonstrate the dynamic process of the users’ in-feed native ad avoidance. In study 2, the authors discuss how the platform should apply re-targeting strategies after the users actively block the in-feed native ads. The extant studies on ad avoidance have demonstrated that the ad-blocking behavior requires high cognitive and behavioral effort and therefore brings "residual impact" on improving the memory and cognition toward the blocked ads. Based on this theorem, the authors examine the signal value from the "residual effect" of the ad-blocking. Besides, the authors demonstrate whether and how the platform can leverage the "guided attribution" strategy to improve the users’ attitudes toward the subsequent ads. However, the authors further argue that the effectiveness of such re-targeting strategy is contingent. In study 3, the authors focus on the other parallel but fundamentally different ad avoidance behavior, i.e., the ad-skipping. The platform’s responsive re-targeting strategy is also discussed in this study. Due to the "learning effect" in the users’ continuous information processing, repetitive ad-skipping is more likely for users who have just skipped the ads. The increased arousal level can break such momentum during the users’ online browsings. Based on this theorem, the authors demonstrate whether and how the platform can apply the "prominence strategy" to decrease the likelihood of subsequent ad-skipping by the users. This research contributes to the present literature and marketing practice in several ways. First, it enriches the literature of ad avoidance by distinguishing two fundamentally different types of ad avoidance behaviors (i.e., ad-blocking vs. ad-skipping) in the in-feed native advertising context. The authors further discuss the varied mechanisms of ad avoidance based on users’ dynamic information processing states. Second, compared with the traditional and relatively static view on the in-feed native advertising, the authors build a theoretical framework from a dynamic perspective and discuss the mechanisms regarding how and when the dynamics of users’ online browsings affect their ad avoidances. Third, this research provides valuable and actionable suggestions on how the in-feed native advertisers and platforms should respond to the users’ ad avoidance appropriately to improve the overall market communication efficiencies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Although there are many studies focusing on competitive advertising, brand advertising, category advertising, advertising clutter, and advertising interference, there has been little research focusing on strong brands competition. The extent literature focuses on Product Crisis Spillover Effect, Umbrella Branding Spillover Effect, Advertising Spillover Effect, and Corporate Social Responsibility Reputation Spillover Effect. However, what is the spillover effect for competition taking place among strong brands on weak brands? What will happen to the weak brands when two strong brands competing in the same category? Is it explained by the spillover effect theory? And what is the mechanism? These are a series of interesting questions that have both theoretical and practical value. A total of 855 college students (mean age = 22.6 years, SD = 3.4 years) participated in the experiments. First, advertising repetition and advertising length were used as the stimuli indicating competition strength, and perceived competition was used to represent competition strength. Then, the following focus question was investigated: will there be spillover effect on weak brands when two strong brands competing in the same category? Finally, the moderating role of product involvement and product attribute similarity for the main effect was tested. Experimental methods were adopted in these studies and fictitious brands were used to test the research hypotheses.The results of the present study indicates that, advertising repetition is closely related to perceived competition, and the more repetitions of two brand advertisements, the higher the competition level perceived by the subjects is, which indicated that advertising repetition can be used as a specific means of operating the advertising competition. However, the advertisement length has no effect on the perceived competition. Strong brand advertising competition has a spillover effect on weak brands. With the increase in the competition strength of strong brand advertising, the spillover effect on weak brands has also increased accordingly. The degree of product involvement and similarity of product attributes have a moderating effect on the main effect, and the lower product involvement and the higher similarity of product attributes tended to produce the greater spillover effect.The current study enriches the existing spillover theory and discovered the spillover effect of strong brand advertising competition within the same category on weak brands for the first time. At the same time, the study found that the product involvement and product attribute similarities have a moderating effect on the spillover effect. The conclusions of the research can be used to guide advertising practice and brand owners and market managers in different market positions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2018-10-26 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract：组织变革前总会有小道消息等非正式信息传播, 这些信息是员工提前了解变革的重要来源。研究探索变革前非正式信息对员工变革前抵制意愿的影响, 以及员工变革抵制意愿随时间推移的变化。基于255位样本数据的结构方程模型及多层次线性增长模型分析表明：(1)变革前非正式信息的消极性及不完整性, 显著负向影响员工变革认知, 进而使员工变革抵制意愿上升。(2)随着时间推移, 员工变革抵制意愿显著衰减, 即从变革前到变革发生时抵制意愿显著降低。研究揭示了变革前非正式信息对员工有“热身准备”的作用, 能够帮助员工提前适应, 从而更好地应对变革。研究结果有助于变革的顺利实施。
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